Tag Archive: submarine cable


Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part XV)

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April 8, 2011

Continued… Part XV – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (East Malaysia)

I’ve to date discussed the landing sites (cable landing stations) in Peninsula Malaysia (West Malaysia) that can be summarized as follows:

  • Northern Region has 8 cable landing stations
  • Western/Central Region has 5 cable landing stations
  • Southern Region has 9 cable landing stations
  • Eastern Region has 7 cable landing stations
  • Total 29 out of 37 numbers of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in Malaysia have been discussed

Today, I’ll continue the list of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in the East Malaysia that consists of 3 states as follows:

State of Sarawak

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 3

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Bintulu

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysia Domestic (Miri – Bintulu) – (169km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Kuching

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysia Domestic (Kuching – Miri – Labuan) – (1,150km route length)

2. Malaysia Domestic (Mersing – Kuching) – (888km route length)

3rd landing site (cable landing station) is Miri

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysia Domestic (Kuching – Miri – Labuan) – (1,150km route length)

2. Malaysia Domestic (Miri – Bintulu) – (169km route length)

State of Federal Territory of Labuan

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 2

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Labuan

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysia Domestic (Kuching – Miri – Labuan) – (1,150km route length)

2. Malaysia Domestic (Labuan – Kota Kinabalu) – (135km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Tanjung Aru

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Domestic – CELCOM – (30km route length)

State of Sabah

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 3

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Kota Kinabalu

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 4

1. ASEAN (Kuantan – Kota Kinabalu) – (1,500km route length)

2. Malaysia Domestic (Kuantan – Kota Kinabalu) – (1,570km route length)

3. Malaysia Domestic (Labuan – Kota Kinabalu) – (135km route length)

4. Philippines-Malaysia – (1,000km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Tanjung Aru

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. BMP – (1,518km route length)

3rd landing site (cable landing station) is Tanjung Liba

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Domestic – CELCOM – (30km route length)

ACRONYMS

  • ASEAN = Association of South East Asian Nations
  • BMP = Brunei-Malaysia-Philippines

Source:  Kidorf Innovative Methods

To be continued… Part XVI – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (Summary)


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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part XIV)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — Leave a comment
March 25, 2011

Continued… Part XIV – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (Eastern Region)

I’ve to date discussed the landing sites (cable landing stations) in Malaysia for Northern, Western/Central and Southern Regions that can be summarized as follows:

  • Northern Region has 8 cable landing stations
  • Western/Central Region has 5 cable landing stations
  • Southern Region has 9 cable landing stations
  • Total 22 out of 37 numbers of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in Malaysia have been discussed

Today, I’ll continue the list of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in the Eastern Region of Peninsula Malaysia that consists of 3 states as follows:

State of Kelantan

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 1

The landing site (cable landing station) is Kota Bharu

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysia Thailand East  – (43km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Kota Bharu – Kuala Besut) – (100km route length)

State of Terengganu

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 3

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Kuala Besut

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Kota Bharu – Kuala Besut) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Besut – Kuala Trengganu)  – (100km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Kuala Dungun

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Trengganu – Kuala Dungun)  – (119km route length)

3rd landing site (cable landing station) is Kuala Terengganu

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Besut – Kuala Trengganu) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Trengganu – Kuala Dungun) – (119km route length)

State of Pahang

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 3

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Cherating

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. APC – (7,440km route length)

2. ASEAN (Kuantan – Kota Kinabalu) – (1,500km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Kuala Rompin

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Rompin – Mersing) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Kuantan – Kuala Rompin) – (100km route length)

3rd landing site (cable landing station) is Kuantan

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 5

1. APCN2 – (19,153km route length)

2. Malaysia Domestic (Kuantan – Kota Kinabalu) – (1,570km route length)

3. Malaysia Domestic (Kuantan – Mersing) – (232km route length)

4. MT – (1,276km route length)

5. Malaysian Festoon (Kuantan – Kuala Rompin) – (100km route length)

ACRONYMS

  • APC =  Asia Pacific Cable
  • APCN = Asia-Pacific Cable Network
  • ASEAN = Association of South East Asian Nations
  • MT = Malaysia Thailand

Source:  Kidorf Innovative Methods

To be continued… Part XV – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (East Malaysia)


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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part XIII)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — 1 Comment
February 17, 2011

Continued… Part XIII – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (Southern Region)

I’ve to date discussed the landing sites (cable landing stations) in Malaysia for Northern Region and Western/Central Region that can be summarized as follows:

  • Northern Region has 8 cable landing stations
  • Western/Central Region has 5 cable landing stations
  • Total 13 out of 37 numbers of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in Malaysia have been discussed

Today, I’ll continue the list of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in the Southern Region of Peninsula Malaysia that consists of 2 states as follows:

State of Melaka (Malacca)

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 1

The landing site (cable landing station) is Melaka (Malacca)

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 3

1. Malaysian Festoon (Melaka – Port Dickson) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Muar – Melaka) – (100km route length)

3. SEA-ME-WE-4 (Segment 1 Tuas-Mumbai) – (8,000km route length)

State of Johor (Johore)

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 8

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Desaru

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjung Sekakap – Desaru) – (100km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Kong Kong

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjung Belongkor – Kong Kong) – (50km route length)

3rd landing site (cable landing station) is Mersing

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 7

1. APCN (Section 1 & 2) – (9,000km route length)

2. APCN (Section 3) – (3,000km route length)

3. Malaysia Domestic (Kuantan – Mersing) – (232km route length)

4. Malaysia Domestic (Mersing – Kuching) – (888km route length)

5.  Malaysian East-East Link (Mersing – Tarempah) – (306km route length)

6. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Rompin – Mersing) – (100km route length)

7. SEA-ME-WE-3 (Segment S2) – (6285km route length)

4th landing site (cable landing station) is Muar

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Muar – Melaka) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjong Seginting – Muar) – (100km route length)

5th landing site (cable landing station) is Pontian Kechil

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Festoon (Pontian Kechil – Tanjung Seginting) – (25km route length)

6th landing site (cable landing station) is Tanjung Belongkor (Desaru)

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjung Belongkor – Kong Kong) – (50km route length)

7th landing site (cable landing station) is Tanjung Seginting (Minyak Beku, Batu Pahat)

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Pontian Kechil – Tanjung Seginting) – (25km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjong Seginting – Muar) – (100km route length)

8th landing site (cable landing station) is Tanjung Sekakap (Mersing)

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjung Sekakap – Desaru) – (100km route length)

ACRONYMS

  • APCN = Asia-Pacific Cable Network
  • SEA-ME-WE a.k.a SMW = South East Asia – Middle East – Western Europe

Source:  Kidorf Innovative Methods

To be continued… Part XIV – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (Eastern Region)

Malaysian Festoon (Muar – Melaka)


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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part XII)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — 3 Comments
February 10, 2011

Continued… Part XII – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (Western/Central Region)

In my last post (Part XI), I’ve discussed on the list of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in the northern region of Peninsula Malaysia that consists of 3 states namely Perlis, Kedah and Pulau Pinang (Penang).

Today, I’ll continue the list of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in the Western/Central Region of Peninsula Malaysia that consists of 3 states as follows:

State of Perak

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 2

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Kuala Kurau

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Kurau – Seberang Prai) – (50km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Lumut – Kuala Kurau) – (100km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Lumut

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Lumut – Kuala Kurau) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjong Karang – Lumut) – (100km route length)

State of Selangor

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 2

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Klang South Port

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Klang South Port – Tanjung Karang) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Port Dickson – Kelang South Port) – (100km route length)

2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Tanjung Karang

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Klang South Port – Tanjung Karang) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Tanjung Karang – Lumut) – (100km route length)

State of Negeri Sembilan

Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 1

1st landing site (cable landing station) is Port Dickson

Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Melaka – Port Dickson) – (100km route length)

2. Malaysian Festoon (Port Dickson – Kelang South Port) – (100km route length)

Source:  Kidorf Innovative Methods

To be continued… Part XIII – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (Southern Region)


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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part XI)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — Leave a comment
January 27, 2011

Continued… Part XI – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia

In my last post, I furnished a Facts & Figures table in relation to 20 active submarine cables networks that landed in Malaysia. The table includes the figures of 37 landing sites (cable landing stations) in all 14 states of Malaysia.

Today’s post onward, I’ll elaborate on the list of the landing sites (cable landing stations) in Malaysia. I’ll first start with the northern region of Peninsula Malaysia that consists of 3 states as follows:

State of Perlis

  • Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 1
    • Landing site (cable landing station) is Kuala Perlis
      • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 3

1. Malaysia Thailand West (75km route length)
2. Malaysian Domestic (Palau Langkawi – Kuala Perlis) (34km route length)
3. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Muda – Kuala Perlis) (100km route length)

State of Kedah

  • Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 2
    • 1st landing site (cable landing station) is Kuala Muda
      • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Muda – Kuala Perlis) (100km route length)
2. SAFE (11428km route length)

  • 2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Pulau Langkawi
    • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Domestic (Palau Langkawi – Kuala Perlis) (34km route length)

State of Pulau Pinang (Penang)

  • Number of landing site (cable landing station) is 5
    • 1st landing site (cable landing station) is Juru, Seberang Prai Tengah
      • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysia Power Cable (28km route length)

  • 2nd landing site (cable landing station) is Permatang Damar Laut
    • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysian Festoon (Permatang Damar Laut – Seberang Prai) (10km route length)

  • 3rd landing site (cable landing station) is Pulau Pinang (Penang)
    • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 4

1. Malaysia Domestic (Penang – Seberang Jaya) (5km route length)
2. Malaysia Power Cable (28km route length)
3. Malaysia Power Cable (28km route length)
4. SEA-ME-WE-3 (Segment S4) (7115km route length)

  • 4th landing site (cable landing station) is Seberang Jaya
    • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 1

1. Malaysia Domestic (Penang – Seberang Jaya) (5km route length)

  • 5th landing site (cable landing station) is Seberang Prai
    • Number of submarine cable network landed here is 2

1. Malaysian Festoon (Kuala Kurau – Seberang Prai) (50km route length)
2. Malaysian Festoon (Permatang Damar Laut – Seberang Prai) (10km route length)

ACRONYMS

  • SAFE = South Africa Far East
  • SEA-ME-WE a.k.a SMW = South East Asia – Middle East – Western Europe

Source:  Kidorf Innovative Methods

To be continued… Part XII – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia (Western/Central Region)


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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part X)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — 2 Comments
January 19, 2011

Continued… Part X – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia

In my last post, I discussed on 20 submarine cable networks for telecommunication (internet), telecommunication (data), telecommunication (cellular) and power/electrical that landed on Malaysia shores and lands.

Today I’ll continue further on some interesting facts and figures with respect to those 20 submarine cables networks that landed in Malaysia. Check out the following interesting Facts & Figures table:

Facts & Figures of submarine cable networks in Malaysia

Facts & Figures of submarine cable networks in Malaysia

Source:  Kidorf Innovative Methods

To be continued… Part XI – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia


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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part IX)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — 3 Comments
January 12, 2011

In my previous post on July 1, 2010 under Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part II) for the topic of Telekom Malaysia Response, below is the excerpt of Telekom Malaysia’s (TM’s) response:

“TM today has 5 cable landing stations and multiple border gateways, its own private cable to Thailand, Indonesia and Brunei as well as a direct link with Africa through South Africa Far East Cable System (SAFE) / South Atlantic Cable System 3 (SAT 3). “

The above mentioned 5 cable landing stations and submarine cable networks belong to TM that forms the main internet gateways for Malaysia. TM is also a party to the following international submarine cable networks:

  • AAG
  • APCN
  • APCN2
  • BRCS
  • DMCS
  • FEA a.k.a FLAG FEA
  • MT
  • SAFE
  • SEA-ME-WE-2 a.k.a SMW2
  • SEA-ME-WE-3 a.k.a SMW3
  • SEA-ME-WE-4 a.k.a SMW4

Besides telecommunication submarine cable network that mainly use to carry internet bandwidth and telecommunication data, there are also power/electrical submarine cable network that landed at cable landing stations/sites.

Other than the above mentioned submarine cable networks, there are many other submarine cable networks that landed at various cable landing stations/sites located along the Malaysia’s coastal areas.

Below is the list of submarine cable networks in Malaysia to date with its respective length. The list consists of submarine cable networks for telecommunication (internet), telecommunication (data), telecommunication (cellular) and power/electrical.

  1. APC – 7440km
  2. APCN (Section 1 & 2) – 9000km
  3. APCN (Section 3) – 3000km
  4. APCN 2 – 19153km
  5. ASEAN (Kuantan – Kota Kinabalu) – 1500km
  6. BMP – 1518km
  7. FLAG – 27300km
  8. Malaysia Domestic – multiple circuits/hops – 4183km
  9. Malaysian Domestic – CELCOM – 30km
  10. Malaysia Power Cable – 28km
  11. MT – 1276km
  12. Malaysia Thailand East – 43km
  13. Malaysia Thailand West – 75km
  14. Malaysian East-East Link – multiple circuits/hops -648km
  15. Malaysian Festoon – multiple circuits/hops – 1554km
  16. Philippines-Malaysia – 1000km
  17. SAFE – 11428km
  18. SEA-ME-WE-3 (Segment S2) – 6285km
  19. SEA-ME-WE-3 (Segment S4) – 7115km
  20. SEA-ME-WE-4 (Segment 1)

ACRONYMS

  • AAG = Asia-America Gateway
  • APC = Asia Pacific Cable
  • APCN = Asia-Pacific Cable Network
  • ASEAN = Association of South East Asian Nations
  • BMP = Brunei-Malaysia-Philippines
  • BRCS = Batam Rengit Cable System
  • DMCS = Dumai Melaka Cable System
  • FLAG = Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe
  • FEA a.k.a FLAG FEA = FLAG Europe-Asia
  • MT = Malaysia Thailand
  • SAFE = South Africa Far East
  • SEA-ME-WE a.k.a SMW = South East Asia – Middle East – Western Europe

Source:  Kidorf Innovative Methods

To be continued… Part X – Cable Landing Stations/Sites in Malaysia

APCN


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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part VIII)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — 34 Comments
July 22, 2010

Continued… Part VIII – International Submarine Cable facts and figures.

I’d like to share another global submarine cable routes map for 2010, which is quite similar with the 2009 version (posted yesterday) but with additional new cable systems (if any).

Global Submarine Cable Map 2010

Global Submarine Cable Map 2010 -----Courtesy: TeleGeography

>> Follow the following link to download free a larger image size (1600×1200):

(File Name: http://www.ziddu.com/download/10822450/GlobalSubmarineCableMap2010.jpg.html)

The global/international submarine cable map depicts in-service cables with a minimum capacity of 5 Gbps after full upgrades. Note that the cable routes on the map are stylized and do not reflect physical cable location.

The top-5 longest submarine cable system:

SeaMeWe-3 is the longest submarine cable built to date (please correct me if I’m wrong). The system spans 39,000 kilometers from Norden in Germany to Keoje in South Korea. Its 39 landing points connect 32 different countries.

The top-5 longest submarine cable system in the world are as follows:

  1. 39,000 km >> SeaMeWe-3
  2. 30,500 km >> Southern Cross
  3. 30,476 km >> China-USA
  4. 28,000 km >> FLAG Europe-Asia
  5. 25,000 km >> South America-1

Global Lit Submarine Cable Capacity

The first intercontinental telephony submarine cable system, TAT-1, connected North America to Europe in 1956 and had an initial capacity of only 640 Kbps. Since then, total trans-Atlantic cable capacity has soared to well over 7 Tbps in 2007. In recent years, the annual growth of lit trans-Atlantic capacity has slowed, while the growth rates on the intra-Asian and Europe-Asia routes have increased rapidly.

Source: TeleGeography

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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part VII)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — 1 Comment
July 21, 2010

Continued… Part VII – Strategic Importance of Submarine Cables, Coastal Cable Routes and International Cable Routes.

The last 2 posts were the updates of Part V where I have posted description and additional diagrams that I hope will give clearer picture of typical submarine cable system.

Today I’ll discuss on why the submarine telecommunications cables are so important to us and how these submarine cables look like on global telecommunication map.

Strategic Importance of Submarine Cables

  • Submarine cables are the backbone of the international telecommunications network
  • Almost 100% of transoceanic Internet traffic is sent via submarine cable
  • The submarine cable network is designed to be resilient, however faults can disrupt activities we take for granted – banking, airline bookings, internet shopping, education, health, defense, and of course, our communication with one another
  • Many Governments now recognize the strategic value of submarine cables and are taking stronger measures to help protect them

Coastal Cable Routes

Some key notes on coastal cables are as follows:

  • Near-shore, cables need protection from shipping, fishing & other activities
  • To reduce risk, cables are identified on nautical charts and may be placed within a “protection zone”
  • A zone is a legal entity where activities harmful to cables are banned
  • Cable burial in water depths to 1500m is also a key protective measure

The following coastal cable route map shows the “protection zone” for Southern Cross cable terminal, New Zealand.

Protection zone for Southern Cross cable terminal, New Zealand

Protection zone for Southern Cross cable terminal, New Zealand. ---------Courtesy: Telecom New Zealand

The following map shows the new protection zones (yellow) proposed for Australia where value of submarine cables to economy is assessed at A$5 billion. Wow!

New protection zones (yellow) for Australia

New protection zones (yellow) for Australia ------Courtesy: Australian Communications & Media Authority

International Submarine Cable Routes

Global communications depend on a network of submarine telecommunications cables which connect the land-based networks of many countries. The following international submarine cable routes maps demonstrate how the world’s oceans are wired.

International Cable Routes

International Submarine Cable Routes ----Courtesy: Global Marine Systems Ltd

>> Follow the following link to download free a larger image size (1034×576):

(File Name: http://www.ziddu.com/download/10811946/nationalCableRoutes-courtesyGlobalMarineSystemsLtd.jpg.html)

Below is the International Submarine Cable Routes map for 2009.

Submarine Cable Map 2009

Submarine Cable Map 2009 -----Courtesy: TeleGeography

>> Follow the following link to download free a larger image size (1600×1200):

(File Name: http://www.ziddu.com/download/10811947/GlobalSubmarineCableMap2009_1600x1200.jpg.html)

Source: International Cable Protection Committee Ltd, TeleGeography

To be continued… Part VIII – International Submarine Cable facts and figures.

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Submarine Cable Network, Malaysia Outlook (Part V – Update 2)

Filed Under: Submarine Cable Network | CLS by Señor ZulYusof — 276 Comments
July 20, 2010

Yesterday, I’ve discussed the description of typical submarine cable system in reference to the “Typical Submarine Cable System” diagram. Under “Terminal Equipment” description, the terminal equipment such as PFE, SLTE, SIE, SSE and NME have been mentioned (please refer yesterday’s post for description of these acronyms). The terminal equipment are typically housed in the cable landing station premises.

For your better understanding, today I’ll post another version of “Typical Submarine/Undersea Cable System” diagram that include terminal equipment components. I have 2 similar diagrams that I would like to share as follows:

Typical Undersea Cable System

Four major components form an undersea cable system

Note: Mux in the diagram is an acronym for Multiplexer.

The second diagram below demarcates the submarine cable system into two parts namely “Dry Plant” and “Wet Plant”.

Submarine Cable System Diagram

Submarine Cable System Diagram

Note: PoP in the diagram is an acronyms for Point of Presence

Source: TeleGeography

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